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TRADE UNIONS
Definition
A trade union is an organization of workers formed to promote, protect and improve, through collective action, the social, economic and political interests of its members.
Objectives
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Steady employment Rationalization of personnel policies Participation in decision making Recognition
HISTORICAL EVOLUTION
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Indian factory labour commission(1908) Royal commission of labour (1931) Indian Factories Act (1881) Indian National Congress (1885) NM Lokhandey- first labour leader
Phases of Trade Union Movement
Phase I (1850-1900)  Inception  Several strikes post 1880  Bombay Mill-hands Association(1890)  Development of organized trade union  Emergence of militant trade union  1900-1915 preparatory phase  WW-I (1914-1918), Russian revolution  First industrial union- Textile Labour Union (BP Wadia)  First trade Union All India Trade Union Congress in 1920
Phase II (1900-1947)  Development of organized trade unions  Emergence of militant trade union  1900-1915 preparatory phase  WW-I 1914-18  Russian revolution  1920-AITUC
Phase III (1947 ONWARDS)  Working class politicized  AITUC- CPI  INTUC- congress party  HMS- socialists  CITU- CPI(M)
STRUCTURE
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Local level Regional level National Level
Problems of trade unions
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Uneven growth Low membership Weak financial position Absence of whole time paid office bearers Outside leadership Multiplicity Inter-union rivalry Limited stress on welfare Lack of public support