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3. Autonomous Institutes (No Affiliation) that Give Diplomas: They have to be necessarily approved by AICTE as per law and also in interest of students. Students should check if the institute is an approved one or affiliated to any reputed university
(UGC-recognized and real one). Otherwise, their diplomas or degrees will be no better than trash paper. It also would not be out of place to inform that PGDMs are not at all equivalent to MBA. Only those institutes' PGDM is equivalent as MBA degree, who have been declared so by AIU (Association of Indian Universities) or Ministry of HRD, Department of Higher Education.

4. Universities Running Distance Education Program: Open-mode universities like IGNOU Delhi, Kurukshetra University, Annamalai University, and several others universities in India. Being in distance mode, they have to be of 3 years duration instead of 2 years. Distance education in India is generally of very low quality.

5. Short-term PG Diplomas: Many institutes give one year, and one and a half year PG diplomas to by-pass legal requirements of approval. These are not same as 2 years serious campus-based diplomas, please remember. It is not a proper academic qualification. Many universities also give such one year diplomas on distance education or in evening campus class modes vocational certificates.

6. Part-time 3-years MBA / PGDM Program: These are run by recognized institutes and universities in evenings and serve well for working executives.

7. Foreign Universities: These universities are having collaborations in India and are having student-exchange-programs with limited-time studies abroad.

8. New Private Universities: like Amity, IFCAI, Rai University, and several others, which are now coming up. A few are, however, not working very transparently and are running MBA programs at several places without approval of this model from authorities and Distance Education Council of India. Do reject them.

But students should note that if the degree or diploma is not recognized and not from good Institute / University, and is not for two-years duration, it is merely an additional vocational training certificate, and not a proper academic qualification as far as management education is concerned.

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* Contributed by -
Prof. R. K. Gupta,
B.E. (Honors), MBA FIE FIMA,
Senior Consultant & Professor of Management at Jodhpur,
Director, Sobhagya Consultancy & Marketing Services, India.