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Know-how refers to the body of knowledge individuals possess about a particular topic. Knowledge may be quite straightforward to explain, for example, how to raise a purchase order, or it might be deep, such as how to design aeroplane wings. It also may be tacit - which means that it is difficult to articulate - such as, what a good wine smells like or the consistency of a new margarine, which will successfully scale up for mass production.
Researchers in artificial intelligence have been examining issues related to computer representation of all forms of knowledge for quite some time. Although there are some computers systems, which exhibit knowledgeable performance in a variety of applications, know-how still remains the property of the individual.

For the empirical study of "intellectual property right - a proprietary step for Indian organization", we have considered the following hypothesis, which are given below: -

a. Intellectual property right is a bliss for Indian Organization.
b. Knowledge & competence is a intellectual asset for India.

Hypothesis Testing

Lets look at the ways patents can help Indian Organizations and secure a proprietary advantage: -

1. Protect core technologies and business methods: To the extent that they have a patent strategy, most Indian organizations can focus it on protecting the proprietary technologies that give their products and services an advantage over those of competitors. Smart biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies also think about the potential strength of patents. When setting their research and development priorities, the biotech firm's genetics institute decides which version of a drug to develop, partly based on which iteration shows the best results in clinical trials, but also according to which version can command the strongest patent protection. Genetics institute's patent counsel says the strength of the potential patent position is "a leading factor" in deciding what research to pursue.

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* Contributed by: -
Dr. R. P. Verma,
Ex. H.O.D. & Dean, Commerce and Business Management Dept.,
Arabinda Bhandari,
Strategic Management Researcher,
Ranchi University, Ranchi.