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c. Seiso - Scrub or Shine: Repair, clean and keep clean
d. Seiketsu - Standardise or stabilize controls
e. Shitsuke - Sustain or Self discipline: Strive for continuous improvement

3.1.3. Just-in-Time Manufacturing

Just in Time focuses on producing the right product at the right time. Customer demand is the key driver behind JIT systems. In order to minimize wastes in the production process, JIT focuses on the following: -

a. Pull based production system to prevent overproduction. Customer demand drives each downstream process in the value chain. Pull uses "Kanban" systems to drive downstream material, processing needs.

b. Obtaining quality at the source - JIT creates a high degree of employee ownership of product quality. It aims on defect prevention instead of inspection and rework. JIT facilitates problem visibility using Andon alarms and empowers operators to stop manufacturing processes till problems are resolved. Key elements include: -

a. Poka-Yoke - "Mistake proofing" - preventing defective materials to pass downstream.
b. Autonomation or "Jidahoka" - where simple low cost automation (jigs / fixtures, etc.) is done to prevent mistakes, defects from occurring.
c. Work Standardisation - to minimize process and product inconsistency.

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* Contributed by -
Amandeep S. Bedi & Namit Puri,
Indian School of Business (ISB),
Hyderabad.