GERMANY

In Germany, project specifications are converted to the general network model by considering aspects such as time, resources, modification of resources, constraints, etc. in order to optimum conditions. The control and evaluation phase considered the following parameters: Periodic status report, Elapsed time, Measured progress, Resource expansion, Cost and Schedule variance, Implementation appraisal, Pre-project investment, Monitoring / Evaluation for modification / replacement, Financial / Technical Feasibility, Time Schedule adherence, Cost-Benefit flow, Manpower Leveling, Material resource use and review of implementation for achieving targets.

ZOPP Concept: ZOPP stands for the German term Zielorientierte Projekt Planung that means Objectives-Oriented Project Planning. This is a group problem technique, which considerably improves the quality of planning and decision-making, thus enhancing the feasibility of Implementation. It comprises of three inter-supportive elements: -
1. The method, which is the guideline for working in the planning group,
2. The team approach as the framework for studying multifunctional problems, and
3. The visualization technique, which is used to document contributions by the individual participants and the results of discussion.